MIGRANT LABOUR ISSUES

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Migration of labour for work and better livelihood is a very common issue in today’s time. Migration can be internal or international. It can be permanent, semi-permanent, seasonal or circular. The possible factors for increased rate of migration are:

• Increasing unemployment 

• Lack of resources 

• Environmental conditions 

• Degradation of natural resources

Rural labour is migrating mainly for 2 purposes: 

1)Survival

2)Subsistence

Migrant labour has to face a lot of challenges and some major issues are:

• Health and living conditions-Migrant labourers are working in an unhygienic and polluted environment which can make them suffer from various health problems. Many migrant labourers are working in metro and highway projects, mining, quarries and living in such hazardous environment(air and water pollution)can cause lung and kidney disorders.

• Spread of communicable diseases-Many diseases like Malaria has spread in areas where it was not present due to migration.

• Psychological Disorders-When migrant labourers move to a new environment from the native place they face adjustment problems. Lack of strong social support affects their mental health, making them more stressed. 

• They have no access to health and family care programmes because of their temporary status. They don’t have access to free public health care facilities. Moreover, women workers do no get maternity leave.

• Identity Problems-Proving their identity is one of the biggest challenge they face when they are in a new place after migration due to which they do not get access to entitlements and social services.They are not able to open their bank accounts due to lack of identity proofs.

• Difficulty in exercising political rights-They are not entitled to vote outside their place of origin, so they are unable to cast their votes.

• Exploitation and Harassment by Agents-They become prey of manipulation in terms of wages, long working hours, verbal and physical abuse. Deaths and accidents are very common in the construction field and they are not even provided social protection for that.

Many laws were executed for the labour’s protection like 

• Minimum Wages Act, 1948

• Contract Labour Act,1970

• Maternity Benefit Act,1961

• Bonded Labour Act,1976 etc but these laws remained on paper only.

COVID-19 also hugely affected their lives as they had to face issues like loss of income, uncertainty about their future, food shortage etc. It’s very important to take some essential steps to protect their rights and future.

Therefore laws need to be strictly enforced so that they can live their life peacefully without any hurdles.


#labourissues#covid19impact#employmentissues#MiningAccidents#labourofindia#development#workersofindia#MazdoorofIndia#migrantlabour#garibkalyanrojgarabhiyan#walktowork#MigrantLivesMatter


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